2022红宝书?考研英语长难句解析122

这句话的核心意思是：以个人为中心的理论认为，儿童实施犯罪行为是因为他们之前的错误行为没有受到足够惩罚，或者是因为他们在与他人交往过程中学会了犯罪行为。词汇突破penalize：[?pi?n?la?z] ，动词，意为处罚、处刑、使不利。在句中“they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds”表示“他们之前的错误行为没有受到足够惩罚” 。misdeed：[?m?s?di?d] ，名词，指罪行、犯罪。“previous misdeeds”即“之前的错误行为、罪行”。结构分析句子主干：“Theories suggest”，即“理论认为”。定语部分：“centering on the individual”是现在分词结构作“theories”的定语，意思是“以个人为中心的”，用来修饰“theories”，表明是什么样的理论。宾语从句：“that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others”是并列宾语从句，作“suggest”的宾语。这个宾语从句由“or”引导两个并列的部分：第一部分：“that children engage in criminal behavior because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds”，其中“because they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds”是原因状语从句，解释“children engage in criminal behavior”（儿童实施犯罪行为）的原因，即“他们之前的过错没有得到足够的惩罚”。第二部分：“that they have learned criminal behavior through interaction with others”，表示“他们在和其他人互相交往的过程中学会了犯罪行为”。参考译文将少年犯罪主要归咎于个人的理论认为少年犯罪是因为他们以前的过错没有得到足够的惩罚，或是因为他们在和其他人互相交往的过程中学会了犯罪行为。